Dementia is a broad term used to describe a group of symptoms caused by disorders affecting the brain, leading to a progressive decline in cognitive function.

 

Rather than being a single disease, dementia encompasses a range of conditions, including Alzheimer’s disease, which accounts for the majority of cases, as well as vascular dementia and other neurodegenerative disorders.

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It is characterised by a deterioration in memory, thinking, reasoning, and social abilities that is severe enough to interfere with daily life and independent functioning. Common symptoms include memory loss, confusion, difficulty with communication, changes in mood or behaviour, and challenges with problem-solving or completing familiar tasks.

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Dementia is caused by damage to brain cells, which disrupts the way neurons communicate with each other, ultimately affecting different areas of the brain responsible for various functions. Although it is more common in older adults, dementia is not a normal part of ageing and can vary significantly in its progression and severity, ranging from mild impairment to complete dependence on others for care.

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There is currently no cure for most forms of dementia, but treatments and supportive interventions can help manage symptoms and improve quality of life for individuals and their families.